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Intervention: Renal scintigraphy (renal scan). Population: Adults and children with chronic and acute urinary obstruction presenting with symptoms including renal colic, suspected urinary obstruction symptoms (e.g., evidence of hydronephrosis), impaired renal function. 6 The gold standard to assess urinary obstruction is unclear 11 – 13 therefore, several imaging modalities are often used. 5, 6 Other causes of obstructive uropathy include health conditions such as pregnancy, prostate cancer, 2 retroperitoneal fibrosis, 7 spinal cord injury, 8, 9 ureteral stricture, 6 and congenital anomalies (e.g., ureteropelvic junction obstruction ), 5, 10 which is most common in children but also occurs in adults. There are many causes of obstructive uropathy however, the most common causes include stones in kidneys ( nephrolithiasis), 4 ureter ( ureterolithiasis) or anywhere in the urinary tract ( urolithiasis). 2 Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating (diaphoresis), and abdominal or groin pain. As well, it can occur in one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). 2 Obstructive uropathy can be a long-term disease (chronic) or occur suddenly (acute). The appearance of dilated or enlarged renal pelvis and calyces is referred to as hydronephrosis and is a symptom of obstructive uropathy. 1 As a result of the blockage, urine backs up into the kidneys, causing dilatation of the ureter, renal pelvis, and renal calyces, which can damage the kidney if it is not treated. Obstructive uropathy can be defined as any blockage of urine drainage from the kidney (renal calyces or renal pelvis), ureter, or bladder.